How The Swastika came to be used by the German Nationalist Movement

Philippe Berard
6 min readMar 10, 2020
Swastika pattern at the Temple of Hadrian in Ephesus

Three German scholars — Jorg Lanz Von Liebenfels, Guido Von List and Rudolf Von Sebottendorff — played a major role in making the swastika one of the most tragically infamous historical symbols.

The first findings of the swastika

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Philippe Berard

A passionate writer, I want to bring the best and the most compelling knowledge to my readers.